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The SMPS described here is suit-able for high-wattage stereos and other similar equipment. The circuit employs two high-voltage power transistors (BU208D) which have built-in re-verse-connected di-odes across their collectors and emitters. It can supply about 250-watt out-put. The circuit uses a ferrite core transformer of 14mm width, 20mm height, and 42mm length of E-E cores. An air gap of 0.5 mm is required between E-E junction. Good insulation using plastic-insulating sheets (Mylar) is to be maintained between each layer of winding. Circuit diagram: Simple Switch Mode Power Supply Circuit Diagram The number of primary turns required is 90 with 26 SWG wire. The secondary winding employs 17 SWG wire (for 4A load current). Each turn of the secondary develops approximately 2 volts. The reader can decide about the output volt-age and the corresponding secondary turns, which would work out to be half the desired secondary voltage. The volt-age rating of capacitors C7 and C8 should be at...

In most houses, water is first stored in an underground tank (UGT) and from there it is pumped up to the overhead tank (OHT) located on the roof. People generally switch on the pump when their taps go dry and switch off the pump when the overhead tank starts overflowing. This results in the unnecessary wastage and sometimes non-availability of water in the case of emergency. The simple circuit presented here makes this system automatic, i.e. it switches on the pump when the water level in the overhead tank goes low and switches it off as soon as the water level reaches a pre determined level. It also prevents ‘dry run’ of the pump in case the level in the underground tank goes below the suction level . In the figure, the common probes connecting the underground tank and the overhead tank to +9V supply are marked ‘C’. The other probe in underground tank, which is slightly above the ‘dry run’ level, is marked ‘S’. The low-level and high-level probes in the overhead tank are marked ‘...

Kawasaki ZRX1200 Radiator Fan Circuit Diagram To inspect and service the 2001 to 2006 Kawasaki ZRX1200 R/S radiator fan system, do the following: * Remove fuel tank. * Disconnect the 2 pin connector from radiator fan switch. * Using an auxiliary wire, connect the radiator fan switch leads of the main harness side. * Turn the ignition switch ON. If the fan rotates, inspect the fan switch. If the fan does not rotate, inspect: leads and connectors, main fuse, fan fuse, and fan motor. 1. Radiator Fan 2. Radiator Fan Switch 3. Junction Box 4. Fan Fuse 10A 5. Main Fuse 30A 6. Battery 12V14Ah

Circuit diagram for TP2150B 2 x 200 watt power amplifier

Before getting started an acknowledgement is due, the circuit presented here uses an ingenious method of controlling a flyback  converter by the voltage developed on a cur-rent sensing resistor, this was published by Andrew Armstrong in the July 1992 issue of ETI magazine. Circuit diagram : LED Bicycle Lights Circuit Diagram The reworked circuit is quite simple. At the instant that power is applied only a small current flows to charge C4 so insufficient voltage is developed on R3 to switch T2 on. Also, D1 allows C2 to charge from the 6 V battery, so  R1 feeds enough voltage to switch on T1 this shunts the voltage across L1 and the current in it starts to rise. At a certain point the  current which returns via R3 will develop sufficient voltage to switch on T2 which shunts the gate voltage to T1 causing it to switch off,  initiating the flyback voltage from L1. The fly-back pulse forces a current around the circuit,  charging C4 and feeding the LEDs. As the return current is via t...

This circuit was designed to ‘baby-sit’ SLA (sealed lead-acid or ‘gel’) batteries using freely available solar power. SLA batteries suffer from relatively high internal energy loss which is not normally a problem until you go on holidays and disconnect them from their trickle current charger. In some cases, the absence of trickle charging current may cause SLA batteries to go completely flat within a few weeks. The circuit shown here is intended to prevent this from happening. Two 3-volt solar panels, each shunted by a diode to bypass them when no electricity is generated, power a MAX762 step-up voltage converter IC. Circuit diagram: Solar Powered SLA Battery Maintenance Circuit Diagram The ‘762 is the 15-volt-out version of the perhaps more familiar MAX761 (12 V out) and is used here to boost 6 V to 15 V.C1 and C2 are decoupling capacitors that suppress high and low frequency spurious components produced by the switch-mode regulator IC. Using Schottky diode D3, energy is stored i...

The overall effect produced by this project is a glowing sequence of lights changing slowly from one colour to the next. The microcontroller cycles through randomly generated values of red, green and blue hues of light to produce a variety of nice colours. The software implemented on the controller interpolates from one shade to another, each colour channel being treated independently. Light intensity is controlled by means of pulse width modulation (PWM) for each colour. A high frequency of approximately 60 Hz is used to modify the light intensity and eliminate any flicker that might arise. RGB Lights Circuit Diagram One major problem that had to be over-come was unequal brightness of the LEDs used, the result of which is a tendency for one particular colour to dominate in the overall hue produced. It was found that blue LEDs are perceived to have the largest intensity and green, the lowest. This was compensated for by using a large resistor for blue and a low resistor for green, toge...