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             The project aims to design and implement a E-bus prepaid smart card system which is a simple way to travel . The smart card carries electronic money instead of cash and it is rechargeable. A smart card reader is available on buses which is located at the entrance door of the bus. The main part of the project is PIC microcontroller to which all the modules necessary for this project are interfaced. IR sensor is also interfaced to the microcontroller and the count of the persons can be taken. The smart card reader displays all the information of the journeys.             A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. A smart card or microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components. The card is made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but sometimes acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or pol...

ABSTRACT In our day to day life we came across various power problems that include black out, voltage sag, frequency variation, surge, harmonics etc. Among this entire problem black out is the most critical situation for some critical load like ICU, space shuttle lunch, major software installation etc. In these cases the power failure even for a few micro second can cause major problems. To overcome from this type problem we are using uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Although there are various type of UPS available, but among this static UPS is more preferable due to its advantages over other types. Static UPS not only provides stand by power to the load but also provides a qualitative power which is a pure sine wave. The use of this device not only limited to industrial application but it spreads starting from computer to space research center. There are different type of UPS available and we can use them depending upon our load type and how sensitive it is.