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If you’re into electronics, engineering and making things move, you’ll need a good handle on electric actuators. Use this beginner’s guide to electric actuators before you set out to purchase your first actuator. What is An Actuator? Before linear electric actuators were around, the only way to make a robot move forward was to use rotary actuators. Linear actuators changed all that. When it comes to electric actuators, you’ve got two main choices: lead screw and ball screw. You’ve really got a ton of choices, like peizo-electric, and there are a ton of innovations happening right now, but for this article, we’ll stick to the basics. Lead Screw Actuators Lead screw actuators use a threaded lead screw and a nut to create motion. The gear system runs, turning the screw moving it along the nut. Here’s a quick diagram to illustrate the idea. Ball Screw Actuators They essentially use the same principle with a lead screw and a motor, but instead of using a nut, they use small bearings that ru...

This is a fantastic circuit for self-protection. In case a burglar intrudes your house, you can use this security circuit as a weapon for self-protection by giving a mild electric shock to the attacker. This circuit comprises astable multivibrator, inverter, and voltage quadrupler sections. The astable multvibrator is designed for 1 kHz with a 9V DC supply. The inverter section consists of switching transistors and an inverter transformer. The primary of transformer is of 9V-0-9V and the secondary is of 100V, 100mA. For compatibility, a driver transformer that is used in radio is used as the inverter transformer. The secondary output current of 100 mA gives a good enough shock to human body. Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of toy shock gun The astable multivibrator consists of two BC107 transistors (T1 and T2), two 0.01µF capacitors (C1 and C2), two 4.7-kilo-ohm resistors (R1 and R4), and two 72-kilo-ohm resistors (R2 and R3). A squarewave output of 1 kHz (with a phase shift of 180 degrees) ...